For example, for the cable 700 of FIG. 12, the cushion layer 760 could be extruded at an extrusion pace that is in a range from roughly 200 to approximately 800 ft per minute (e.g., roughly 61 to approximately 244 meters per minute). For example, via use of XLPE, weight of a energy cable could also be reduced and, for example, by way of an XLPE layer's skill to protect a number of lead (Pb) barrier layers, use of XLPE can permit for a diminished quantity of lead (Pb) in such a number of lead (Pb) barrier layers, which might further reduce the weight of a energy cable. FIG. 9 reveals an instance of the cable 700 throughout an armoring course of where a strip of armor 780 is being applied over an assembly that includes three insulated and barrier layer protected conductors where every features a cushion layer 760-1, 760-2 and 760-3. In the example of FIG. 9, the cushion layers 760-1 and 760-3 are surrounded to a better extent by the armor 780 than the cushion layer 760-2, which is proven to be an intermediate component of the assembly whereas the cushion layers 760-1 and 760-three are shown to be finish or side parts of the assembly that is being armored.
FIG. 22 shows a plot 2200 of the effect of PP and talc on the plateau modulus of absolutely cured XLPE. FIG. 20 exhibits a plot 2000 of the category angular frequency dependence of complicated viscosity for XLPE/PP/Talc with different concentrations at roughly 177 levels C. (similar as the processing temperature). FIG. 12 exhibits a sequence of images for 2 different cables 1200 (left) and seven-hundred (proper). As proven in FIG. 12, the cable 700 with the cushion layer 760 lacks the sharp, minimize-like indentations of the cable 1200 with the braided fibers 1260. In the photographs associated with the cable 700, a comparatively straight, longitudinal line is an artefact from a knife used to chop the cushion layer 760 for its elimination to expose the lead (Pb) barrier layer. Under such conditions, the braided materials was degraded and lead (Pb) layers fused together and in some areas thinned to an extent that would lead to failure (e.g., as a barrier layer) in a relatively quick time period. An ESP cable that included an XLPE cushion layer was equally subjected to brine in a stress vessel for a period of days (e.g., 7 days in stress vessel at 240 degrees C.).
For instance, an ESP cable can embrace an extruded cushion layer that may be formed of a strong polymeric materials such as cross-linked polyethylene (XPLE). Once combined and extruded, the solid polymer cushion will slowly crosslink. As an example, a crosslinking process could also be carried out in solid formed polymer rather than in melt. For example, crosslinking can contain chemically reacting polyethylene polymer in a strategy to induce permanent chemical bonding between polymer chains. Trials demonstrated that PP improved the thermal and chemical compatibility of uncured XLPE. Such crosslinking can be utilized to help maximize the thermal stability, fluid resistance, and mechanical robustness of the polymeric material. As to high temperature performance, the cable 700 of FIG. 12 can exhibit improved high temperature efficiency when in comparison with the cable 1200 of FIG. 12. For example, because the extruded cushion layer 760 could be thicker than the braided layer 1260, the extruded cushion layer 760 can enable for more room for thermal expansion, which might help to stop lead (Pb) from deforming at excessive temperatures. The SYNCURE™ system is a two-step, silane-grafted, moisture cross-linkable high density polyethylene system (XLPE). As to crosslinking, a course of can include controlling one or more parameters to achieve a desired crosslinking price and/or a desired crosslink density of a fabric that includes polyethylene and optionally a number of of talc and polypropylene.
Where a cable is to be a kilometer in length, a limiting charge of 6 meters per minute translates to roughly 167 minutes; whereas, a limiting fee of 61 meters per minute interprets to approximately 16.3 minutes; noting that extrusion may be in excess of roughly 61 meters per minute. As to LDPE, its flexibility is advantageous for absorbing armor wrapping impacts; whereas, the excessive stiffness of HDPE is advantageous for maintaining excessive hoop power and round conductor form. For instance, indentations in the lead (Pb) barrier layer for the cable seven-hundred do not include sharp edges from an armoring process as shown for the cable 1200. Further, the shapes of the lead (Pb) barrier layers for the cable seven hundred are substantially circular as initially assembled prior to the armoring course of; whereas, for the cable 1200, the shapes are distorted. In such an instance, the tubular shape may be of a circular cross-section (see, e.g., the cable 700), a pie formed cross-section (see, e.g., the cable 701 and the cable 702) or a number of other types of cross-sectional shapes.
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ARMORED SUBMERSIBLE Power CABLE
by Philip Mincey (2025-01-12)
For example, for the cable 700 of FIG. 12, the cushion layer 760 could be extruded at an extrusion pace that is in a range from roughly 200 to approximately 800 ft per minute (e.g., roughly 61 to approximately 244 meters per minute). For example, via use of XLPE, weight of a energy cable could also be reduced and, for example, by way of an XLPE layer's skill to protect a number of lead (Pb) barrier layers, use of XLPE can permit for a diminished quantity of lead (Pb) in such a number of lead (Pb) barrier layers, which might further reduce the weight of a energy cable. FIG. 9 reveals an instance of the cable 700 throughout an armoring course of where a strip of armor 780 is being applied over an assembly that includes three insulated and barrier layer protected conductors where every features a cushion layer 760-1, 760-2 and 760-3. In the example of FIG. 9, the cushion layers 760-1 and 760-3 are surrounded to a better extent by the armor 780 than the cushion layer 760-2, which is proven to be an intermediate component of the assembly whereas the cushion layers 760-1 and 760-three are shown to be finish or side parts of the assembly that is being armored.
For instance, an ESP cable can embrace an extruded cushion layer that may be formed of a strong polymeric materials such as cross-linked polyethylene (XPLE). Once combined and extruded, the solid polymer cushion will slowly crosslink. As an example, a crosslinking process could also be carried out in solid formed polymer rather than in melt. For example, crosslinking can contain chemically reacting polyethylene polymer in a strategy to induce permanent chemical bonding between polymer chains. Trials demonstrated that PP improved the thermal and chemical compatibility of uncured XLPE. Such crosslinking can be utilized to help maximize the thermal stability, fluid resistance, and mechanical robustness of the polymeric material. As to high temperature performance, the cable 700 of FIG. 12 can exhibit improved high temperature efficiency when in comparison with the cable 1200 of FIG. 12. For example, because the extruded cushion layer 760 could be thicker than the braided layer 1260, the extruded cushion layer 760 can enable for more room for thermal expansion, which might help to stop lead (Pb) from deforming at excessive temperatures. The SYNCURE™ system is a two-step, silane-grafted, moisture cross-linkable high density polyethylene system (XLPE). As to crosslinking, a course of can include controlling one or more parameters to achieve a desired crosslinking price and/or a desired crosslink density of a fabric that includes polyethylene and optionally a number of of talc and polypropylene.
Where a cable is to be a kilometer in length, a limiting charge of 6 meters per minute translates to roughly 167 minutes; whereas, a limiting fee of 61 meters per minute interprets to approximately 16.3 minutes; noting that extrusion may be in excess of roughly 61 meters per minute. As to LDPE, its flexibility is advantageous for absorbing armor wrapping impacts; whereas, the excessive stiffness of HDPE is advantageous for maintaining excessive hoop power and round conductor form. For instance, indentations in the lead (Pb) barrier layer for the cable seven-hundred do not include sharp edges from an armoring process as shown for the cable 1200. Further, the shapes of the lead (Pb) barrier layers for the cable seven hundred are substantially circular as initially assembled prior to the armoring course of; whereas, for the cable 1200, the shapes are distorted. In such an instance, the tubular shape may be of a circular cross-section (see, e.g., the cable 700), a pie formed cross-section (see, e.g., the cable 701 and the cable 702) or a number of other types of cross-sectional shapes.
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