The iron breech-loading guns had been employed in restricted positions the place loading on the muzzle would be troublesome. For giving elevation a wooden arc was mounted to the trail towards the rear finish, and the breech end may very well be moved up and down along this arc and fastened at sure positions by a pin passing by each cradle and arc. 390), though within the United States navy a system of sighting, which enabled the guns to be layed at any degree of elevation, had been utilized as early as 1812. These tangent scales have been of brass fitting into sockets on the breech finish of the gun; they have been used together with the dispart fore sight and gave elevation as much as 4° or 5° over the top of the gun. This mechanism is on the Nordenfelt eccentric screw system and may be very much like that proposed by Clay about 1860; it has a breech screw (fig. 36) of massive diameter mounted in the breech opening, which is eccentric to the bore. When the gun was fired the lead-coated projectile, which was barely larger in diameter than the bore of the gun, was compelled into the rifling and so gave rotation to the elongated projectile.
A notch was cut on the top of the breech or base ring, and on the muzzle ring a notched fore sight (known as the dispart sight) was placed in the same vertical airplane as the notch, and of such a height that a line stretched from the top of the breech ring notch to the notch of the foresight was parallel to the axis of the bore. One, two or extra grooves could also be lower at one time, the complete depth being attained by slowly feeding the tool after every stroke. The carriage was then formed of two sturdy cheeks or sides of wood fastened collectively by four wood transoms. The gun barrel supported by the contraction of the outer hoops will then be capable of endure a gas pressure which could be expressed as being proportional to the preliminary compression plus the extension, whereas in the outdated kind strong gun it was proportional to the extension solely. This system was additionally utilized in bronze discipline guns and in all solid iron guns up to the 32-pdr. Difficulties in laying occurred except the route was obtained by trying over the top or dispart sight and the elevation then given by the quarter sights.
The Armstrong system of breech-loading launched in 1854 was the primary to present satisfactory outcomes; its simple design and few parts produced a favourable impact in the minds of artillerists, which was elevated by the excellent accuracy obtained in shooting. Similar carriages (fig. 5) existed until the advent of rifled guns, however a couple of small improvements, akin to screw elevating gear in place of the quoin, had been approved. Andrea Redusio mentions in Chronicon Tarvisinum using two wheeled bombard carriages on the siege of Quero by the Venetians in 1376. It does not observe that these weapons have been of massive dimensions, as the time period "bombard" was utilized to small guns as well as to the extra ponderous sorts. 13,000 ℔; horses were used for small guns solely. A driver was supplied for each two pairs of horses. In Italy oxen had been typically yoked to the bigger guns instead of horses. Tartaglia mentions in his Nova scientia (1562) that 28 oxen had been required for a gun 15 ft. The small-bore gun is naturally the lighter of the two. The bigger guns were mounted on quick wooden carriages having two or four "trucks." The guns and carriages recoiled alongside the vessel’s deck, and where this endangered the masts or other structures the recoil was hindered by comfortable substances being laid down in the path of the recoil.
In the latest modification of this mechanism a roller at the top of the crank arm D works a long lever linked to the breech screw by two pins. In France the bizarre kind of interrupted screw is adopted and this rests in a provider tray. In an early kind the trail portion was manufactured from a stable baulk of timber supported on the entrance by a hard wood axletree, on the arms of which the wheels have been placed (iron axletrees were launched by Gribeauval in 1765). The gun resting in its wooden cradle was carried in bearings on the trail instantly over the axletree (fig. 4), the cradle being provided with an axle or trunnions for the aim. On the front finish the cheeks had been secured to the picket axletree, which was strengthened by a bar of iron let into its under facet. One set of shafts have been fastened to the limber, and a single horse was harnessed to them; the remainder of the crew had been attached in pairs in front.
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The iron breech-loading guns had been employed in restricted positions the place loading on the muzzle would be troublesome. For giving elevation a wooden arc was mounted to the trail towards the rear finish, and the breech end may very well be moved up and down along this arc and fastened at sure positions by a pin passing by each cradle and arc. 390), though within the United States navy a system of sighting, which enabled the guns to be layed at any degree of elevation, had been utilized as early as 1812. These tangent scales have been of brass fitting into sockets on the breech finish of the gun; they have been used together with the dispart fore sight and gave elevation as much as 4° or 5° over the top of the gun. This mechanism is on the Nordenfelt eccentric screw system and may be very much like that proposed by Clay about 1860; it has a breech screw (fig. 36) of massive diameter mounted in the breech opening, which is eccentric to the bore. When the gun was fired the lead-coated projectile, which was barely larger in diameter than the bore of the gun, was compelled into the rifling and so gave rotation to the elongated projectile.
The Armstrong system of breech-loading launched in 1854 was the primary to present satisfactory outcomes; its simple design and few parts produced a favourable impact in the minds of artillerists, which was elevated by the excellent accuracy obtained in shooting. Similar carriages (fig. 5) existed until the advent of rifled guns, however a couple of small improvements, akin to screw elevating gear in place of the quoin, had been approved. Andrea Redusio mentions in Chronicon Tarvisinum using two wheeled bombard carriages on the siege of Quero by the Venetians in 1376. It does not observe that these weapons have been of massive dimensions, as the time period "bombard" was utilized to small guns as well as to the extra ponderous sorts. 13,000 ℔; horses were used for small guns solely. A driver was supplied for each two pairs of horses. In Italy oxen had been typically yoked to the bigger guns instead of horses. Tartaglia mentions in his Nova scientia (1562) that 28 oxen had been required for a gun 15 ft. The small-bore gun is naturally the lighter of the two. The bigger guns were mounted on quick wooden carriages having two or four "trucks." The guns and carriages recoiled alongside the vessel’s deck, and where this endangered the masts or other structures the recoil was hindered by comfortable substances being laid down in the path of the recoil.
In the latest modification of this mechanism a roller at the top of the crank arm D works a long lever linked to the breech screw by two pins. In France the bizarre kind of interrupted screw is adopted and this rests in a provider tray. In an early kind the trail portion was manufactured from a stable baulk of timber supported on the entrance by a hard wood axletree, on the arms of which the wheels have been placed (iron axletrees were launched by Gribeauval in 1765). The gun resting in its wooden cradle was carried in bearings on the trail instantly over the axletree (fig. 4), the cradle being provided with an axle or trunnions for the aim. On the front finish the cheeks had been secured to the picket axletree, which was strengthened by a bar of iron let into its under facet. One set of shafts have been fastened to the limber, and a single horse was harnessed to them; the remainder of the crew had been attached in pairs in front.